방법 비교

	베이지안 계층 모델	Mixed Effects Model
분야	베이지안	통계학
계열	Bayesian methods	Regression model
기원 연도	2006	1982
창시자	Gelman & Hill (2006); Bayesian multilevel tradition	Laird & Ware
유형	hierarchical probabilistic model	Mixed effects regression
원전	Gelman, A. & Hill, J. (2006). Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge University Press.	Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (1982). Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics, 38(4), 963–974.
별칭	multilevel Bayes, Bayesian multilevel model, Bayesian HLM, partial pooling model	LME, LMM, mixed model, random effects model
관련	4	4
요약	Bayesian hierarchical modelling, popularised by Gelman and Hill (2006), is a Bayesian approach to nested data structures — such as students within schools within districts — that estimates separate parameters at each level while allowing those levels to share statistical strength through a mechanism called partial pooling. Where a classical hierarchical linear model treats group means as fixed unknown quantities, the Bayesian version places hyperprior distributions on those group means so that information flows freely across levels, producing more reliable group-level estimates whenever any individual group has few observations.	A mixed effects model (or linear mixed model) extends ordinary regression by including both fixed effects — population-level parameters shared by all observations — and random effects that capture subject-, group-, or cluster-level variability. It is the standard tool for repeated-measures, longitudinal, and multilevel data where observations within the same unit are correlated.