방법 비교

	베이즈 차별 문항 기능 (베이즈 DIF)	확인적 요인 분석 (CFA)
분야	심리측정학	심리측정학
계열	Latent structure	Latent structure
기원 연도	1990s–2000s	1969
창시자	H. Swaminathan & H. J. Rogers (classical DIF); Bayesian extensions developed through Markov chain Monte Carlo IRT methods in the 1990s–2000s	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
유형	Item bias detection / Bayesian inference	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
원전	Swaminathan, H., & Rogers, H. J. (1990). Detecting differential item functioning using logistic regression procedures. Journal of Educational Measurement, 27(4), 361–370.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
별칭	Bayesian DIF, Bayesian DIF analysis, Bayesian item bias detection, BDIF	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
관련	5	4
요약	Bayesian differential item functioning analysis detects whether a test item behaves differently across demographic or cultural groups — such as males vs. females — after accounting for the underlying ability or trait being measured. It applies Bayesian IRT estimation to obtain posterior distributions of item parameters separately per group, then evaluates group differences with posterior credibility intervals or Bayes factors rather than classical p-values.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.