방법 비교

	Angoff Standard Setting	Bookmark Standard Setting	Standardized Test Analysis
분야	Education	Education	Education
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
기원 연도	1971	2001	2014
창시자	William H. Angoff	Howard Mitzel, Daniel Lewis, Richard Patz & Donald Ross Green (CTB/McGraw-Hill)	Educational measurement profession (AERA/APA/NCME Standards; Lord; Cronbach)
유형	Test-centered standard-setting procedure for establishing cut scores	IRT-based standard-setting procedure using ordered item booklets	Psychometric evaluation of items, reliability, validity, and fairness of standardized tests
원전	Cizek, G. J., & Bunch, M. B. (2007). Standard Setting: A Guide to Establishing and Evaluating Performance Standards on Tests. Sage. ISBN: 9781412916820	Cizek, G. J., & Bunch, M. B. (2007). Standard Setting: A Guide to Establishing and Evaluating Performance Standards on Tests. Sage. ISBN: 9781412916820	American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. AERA. ISBN: 9780935302356
별칭	Angoff Method, Modified Angoff Method, Yes/No Angoff, Angoff Cut-Score Procedure	Bookmark Method, Bookmark Procedure, Item Mapping Standard Setting, Ordered Item Booklet Method	Standardized Testing Analysis, Test Score Analysis, Item and Test Analysis, Educational Test Psychometrics
관련	3	3	3
요약	The Angoff method is a test-centered procedure for establishing a passing score (cut score) on an examination. A panel of content experts conceptualizes a 'borderline' or minimally competent examinee and, for each item, estimates the probability that such an examinee would answer it correctly. Summing those probabilities yields a recommended cut score for each panelist, and averaging across panelists and discussion rounds produces the performance standard. It is among the most widely used standard-setting methods in licensure, certification, and K-12 testing.	The Bookmark method is an item-response-theory-based standard-setting procedure in which test items are arranged in a booklet ordered from easiest to hardest. Panelists page through this ordered item booklet and place a 'bookmark' at the point separating items a borderline examinee would likely master from those they would not, judged against a fixed response probability (commonly two-thirds). The latent ability at the bookmark defines the cut score. Developed at CTB/McGraw-Hill, it became one of the dominant methods for large-scale K-12 assessments.	Standardized test analysis is the body of psychometric methods used to evaluate and score standardized educational tests: analyzing how items perform, estimating reliability and the standard error of measurement, scaling scores via classical or item response theory, and assembling validity and fairness evidence. Governed by the professional Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing and rooted in test theory synthesized by Lord and others, it is the disciplined work that turns a set of test questions into defensible scores carrying meaning, precision, and fairness.