방법 비교

	Affective Polarization Measurement	정당 정체성 척도
분야	정치심리학	정치심리학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2012	1960
창시자	Shanto Iyengar, Gaurav Sood & Yphtach Lelkes	Angus Campbell et al.
유형	Composite survey index	Self-report
원전	Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405-431.	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
별칭	Affective Polarization Index, Partisan Affect Gap, Thermometer Difference Measure	PAS, Party Identification, Partisan Strength
관련	4	3
요약	Affective polarization measurement quantifies the gap between how positively people feel toward their own political party (the in-party) and how negatively they feel toward the opposing party (the out-party). Iyengar, Sood and Lelkes (2012) showed that this affective divide has grown sharply even where issue positions have not, reframing polarization as a social-identity phenomenon of partisan like and dislike rather than ideological distance.	The Partisan Identity Scale measures strength and direction of psychological attachment to a political party, encompassing both party preference and emotional party identification. Foundational since Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960), the measure distinguishes party affiliation (which party one is registered with) from party identification (psychological identity with a party as a social group). Partisan identity is among the strongest predictors of voting behavior, political attitudes, and interpretation of political information, functioning as a 'perceptual filter' through which voters process news.