방법 비교

	적응형 중첩 사례-대조 연구	Adaptive Cohort Study
분야	역학	역학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Base design 1977; adaptive extensions from 1990s onward	2000s–2010s (systematic formalisation)
창시자	Nested case-control: D. C. Thomas (1977); adaptive design framework: Peter Bauer & Klaus Kohne (1994)	Extension of classic cohort methods; adaptive design principles formalised by regulatory and epidemiology communities in the 2000s–2010s
유형	Observational epidemiological study with adaptive design elements	Observational / adaptive epidemiological design
원전	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.	VanderWeele, T. J., & Hernan, M. A. (2012). Results on differential and dependent measurement error of the exposure and the outcome using signed directed acyclic graphs. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(12), 1303–1310.
별칭	adaptive NCC, adaptive nested case-referent study, dynamic nested case-control, sequential nested case-control	adaptive longitudinal study, flexible cohort design, adaptive prospective cohort, ACS
관련	6	4
요약	An adaptive nested case-control study embeds a case-control comparison within a defined cohort and incorporates pre-specified interim decision rules that allow modifications — such as control-to-case ratio adjustment or biomarker sub-sampling revision — based on accumulating data, without compromising the study's validity or inflating type I error. The design combines the efficiency of the nested case-control framework with the flexibility of adaptive methodology to optimise resource use when exposure assessment is costly.	An adaptive cohort study is a longitudinal observational design that follows a defined group of individuals over time to assess exposure-outcome relationships, while incorporating pre-specified adaptation rules that allow protocol modifications — such as sample-size re-estimation, subgroup enrichment, or measurement schedule adjustments — based on accumulating interim data. Adaptations are made without compromising validity, guided by a statistical analysis plan agreed upon before data collection begins.