방법 비교

	Adaptive Case-Control Study	중첩 환자-대조군 연구
분야	역학	역학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1950s (base design); adaptive extensions developed from the 1970s–1990s	1973–1977
창시자	Builds on Doll & Hill (1950s) case-control foundations; adaptive elements drawn from sequential analysis (Wald, 1947) and group-sequential methods (Armitage, 1975)	Nathan Mantel (1973); D. C. Thomas (1977 formalization)
유형	Adaptive observational epidemiological design	Hybrid observational study design
원전	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.
별칭	adaptive case-control design, sequential case-control study, adaptive observational study, dynamic case-control study	NCC study, nested CC design, case-control within cohort, density sampling case-control
관련	6	6
요약	An adaptive case-control study is a case-control design that incorporates pre-specified rules allowing modification of study parameters — such as sample size, case-to-control ratio, or matching criteria — based on interim data, without compromising validity. It combines the efficiency of adaptive methodology with the retrospective exposure-ascertainment logic of classical case-control research, enabling investigators to respond to emerging evidence while the study is ongoing.	A nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. For each participant who develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of matched controls are sampled from those still at risk at the same point in time. This density-sampling strategy yields odds ratios that approximate incidence-rate ratios from the full cohort at a fraction of the data-collection cost — making it the preferred alternative when measuring exposures for all cohort members would be prohibitively expensive or technically demanding.