방법 비교

	Adaptive Case-Control Study	Adaptive Cohort Study
분야	역학	역학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1950s (base design); adaptive extensions developed from the 1970s–1990s	2000s–2010s (systematic formalisation)
창시자	Builds on Doll & Hill (1950s) case-control foundations; adaptive elements drawn from sequential analysis (Wald, 1947) and group-sequential methods (Armitage, 1975)	Extension of classic cohort methods; adaptive design principles formalised by regulatory and epidemiology communities in the 2000s–2010s
유형	Adaptive observational epidemiological design	Observational / adaptive epidemiological design
원전	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	VanderWeele, T. J., & Hernan, M. A. (2012). Results on differential and dependent measurement error of the exposure and the outcome using signed directed acyclic graphs. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(12), 1303–1310.
별칭	adaptive case-control design, sequential case-control study, adaptive observational study, dynamic case-control study	adaptive longitudinal study, flexible cohort design, adaptive prospective cohort, ACS
관련	6	4
요약	An adaptive case-control study is a case-control design that incorporates pre-specified rules allowing modification of study parameters — such as sample size, case-to-control ratio, or matching criteria — based on interim data, without compromising validity. It combines the efficiency of adaptive methodology with the retrospective exposure-ascertainment logic of classical case-control research, enabling investigators to respond to emerging evidence while the study is ongoing.	An adaptive cohort study is a longitudinal observational design that follows a defined group of individuals over time to assess exposure-outcome relationships, while incorporating pre-specified adaptation rules that allow protocol modifications — such as sample-size re-estimation, subgroup enrichment, or measurement schedule adjustments — based on accumulating interim data. Adaptations are made without compromising validity, guided by a statistical analysis plan agreed upon before data collection begins.