방법 비교

	능동 학습	레이블 전파	준지도 학습
분야	머신러닝	머신러닝	머신러닝
계열	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
기원 연도	2009	2002	1970s–2006 (formalized)
창시자	Burr Settles	Zhu, X. & Ghahramani, Z.	Vapnik, V. N. and others (community of researchers, 1970s–2000s)
유형	Interactive supervised learning framework	Graph-based semi-supervised classification	Learning paradigm
원전	Settles, B. (2009). Active learning literature survey. University of Wisconsin-Madison Computer Sciences Technical Report 1648.	Zhu, X., & Ghahramani, Z. (2002). Learning from labeled and unlabeled data with label propagation. Technical Report CMU-CALD-02-107, Carnegie Mellon University.	Chapelle, O., Scholkopf, B., & Zien, A. (Eds.) (2006). Semi-Supervised Learning. MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0-262-03358-9
별칭	Query Learning, Optimal Experimental Design (ML context), Pool-Based Active Learning, Aktif Öğrenme	LP, label spreading, graph-based semi-supervised learning, harmonic label propagation	SSL, semi-supervised machine learning, transductive learning, label-efficient learning
관련	2	3	5
요약	Active learning is an iterative machine-learning paradigm in which a learning algorithm selectively queries an oracle — typically a human annotator — for labels on the most informative unlabeled examples. Formalized by Burr Settles in his seminal 2009 literature survey, active learning addresses the practical bottleneck of annotation cost by achieving high model accuracy with far fewer labeled examples than passive supervised learning requires.	Label Propagation is a graph-based semi-supervised learning algorithm introduced by Zhu and Ghahramani in 2002 that spreads class labels from a small set of labeled nodes to a large set of unlabeled nodes by iteratively diffusing label information along the edges of a similarity graph, exploiting the manifold structure of the data.	Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a machine learning paradigm that trains models using a small set of labeled examples together with a much larger pool of unlabeled data. By leveraging the structure inherent in unlabeled data, SSL achieves accuracy closer to fully supervised models while requiring far fewer costly manual labels — making it practical when labeling is expensive, slow, or resource-constrained.