Article Retraction Process
An article retraction is the invalidation of a published article due to serious flaws (data fraud, major methodological errors, ethical violations) that undermine its conclusions. Retractions are distinct from corrections (which address minor errors) and are initiated by authors, editors, or institutions when integrity is compromised. The first modern retraction was published in 1948. COPE published formal Retraction Guidelines in 2009 (updated 2019) that specify when retraction is appropriate, how it is conducted, and how retraction notices are recorded. Retracted articles remain in the literature with a visible 'RETRACTED' watermark, preserving the scientific record and warning readers.
出典記録
引用は手法の出典記録からそのままコピーされています。それらからレベルごとの検証は推論されません。
- Committee on Publication Ethics (2019). Retraction Guidelines. COPE. · URL
- Garfield, E., & Welljams-Dorof, A. (1990). Citation Data: Its Use as a Science Indicator for Measuring and Evaluating the Activity of Scientists. Science and Public Policy, 17(5), 359–375. · URL
- Retraction Watch (2023). Database of Retracted Publications. Ivan Oransky & Adam Marcus. · URL
キュレーションされた主張
主張は証拠台帳に永続化され、それぞれが独自の評価を持っています。
このビューは、台帳に主張評価がない場合、主張評価を生成しません。
関連手法
手法グラフから生成され、機械が提案した関係として表示されます — 証拠主張は推論されません。