手法を比較

	Writing Apprehension Test（書字不安検査）	アカデミック・レジリエンス尺度
分野	教育心理学	教育心理学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1975	2016
提唱者	Daly, J.A.; Miller, M.D.	Cassidy, S.
種類	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
原典	Daly, J. A., & Miller, M. D. (1975). The empirical development of an instrument to measure writing apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English, 9(3), 242–249.	Cassidy, S. (2016). The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30): A new multidimensional scale for measuring student resilience as a dynamic process. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1781.
別名	WAT	ARS-30
関連	5	5
概要	The Writing Apprehension Test measures the degree of anxiety and negative affect experienced in writing situations. Developed by Daly and Miller in 1975, the WAT identifies students with writing anxiety—a prevalent barrier to academic success, particularly in college coursework where writing is extensive. Writing apprehension leads to avoidance of writing tasks, procrastination, and reduced writing quality independent of actual writing ability. Early identification and targeted support can significantly improve both writing confidence and academic outcomes.	The Academic Resilience Scale measures the capacity of students to withstand and recover from academic adversity, including setbacks, failures, and difficult transitions. Developed by Cassidy in 2016, the ARS-30 conceptualizes resilience as a dynamic, multidimensional process involving perseverance, adaptive help-seeking, and emotional regulation—not a fixed trait. This instrument is invaluable for identifying students at risk of academic disengagement, evaluating resilience-building interventions, and understanding how students adapt to challenge.