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| Unit Hydrograph× | 交通流（LWRモデル）× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 土木工学 | 土木工学 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | 1932 | 1955 |
| 提唱者≠ | L. K. Sherman | M. J. Lighthill and G. B. Whitham |
| 種類≠ | Linear transformation from rainfall to streamflow | Macroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation laws |
| 原典≠ | Sherman, L. K. (1932). Streamflow from rainfall by the unit graph method. Engineering News-Record, 108(14), 501-505. link ↗ | Lighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316. DOI ↗ |
| 別名 | UH, Rainfall-runoff, Hydrograph synthesis | LWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theory |
| 関連 | 3 | 3 |
| 概要≠ | The unit hydrograph (UH) is a linear transformation that converts rainfall excess into streamflow for a watershed. Introduced by Sherman in 1932, the UH assumes that rainfall-runoff response is linear and time-invariant, enabling synthesis of flood hydrographs from design storms for dam spillway design and flood risk assessment. | The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways. |
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