手法を比較

	論文および博士論文	原著論文
分野	アカデミックライティング	アカデミックライティング
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1200	1665
提唱者	Medieval university tradition (12th century onward)	Scientific research community
種類	Document Type	Document Type
原典	American Psychological Association (2020). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). APA. ISBN: 978-1-4338-3216-1	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. ICMJE.
別名	master's thesis, PhD dissertation, doctoral thesis, graduate thesis	research paper, empirical article, primary research, journal article
関連	2	5
概要	A thesis (Master's level) or dissertation (doctoral level) is an original research document required for completion of graduate degree programs, serving as the capstone of a student's graduate training. A Master's thesis typically represents 1–2 years of research; a PhD dissertation, 3–5 years. Both require original empirical or theoretical contribution, demonstration of mastery in a discipline, and successful oral defense before faculty committee. Theses and dissertations establish academic credentials, document scholarly work, and are archived in institutional and national repositories (ProQuest, EThOS) for access by scholars worldwide.	An original research article is the primary vehicle for reporting new empirical findings in a discipline. Following the IMRaD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion), it represents a researcher's novel data, analysis, and interpretation. The journal article format has been the gold standard for scientific communication since the establishment of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1665.