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	治療薬物モニタリング (TDM)	ベイズ推論
分野	ファーマコメトリクス	統計学
系統	Regression model	Bayesian methods
提唱年	1988	1763
提唱者	Reynold Spector et al.	Thomas Bayes; Pierre-Simon Laplace
種類	Clinical measurement and dose-optimization framework	Probabilistic inference paradigm
原典	Spector, R., Park, G. D., Johnson, G. F., & Vesell, E. S. (1988). Therapeutic drug monitoring. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 43(4), 345–353.	Bayes, T. (1763). An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 53, 370–418.
別名	Drug Level Monitoring, Serum Drug Level Monitoring, Clinical Pharmacokinetic Monitoring, İlaç Düzeyi İzlemi	Bayes inference, Bayesian statistics, Bayesian updating, posterior inference
関連	3	3
概要	Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical pharmacokinetic practice in which drug concentrations are measured in a patient's blood to guide individualized dosing. It applies principally to drugs with narrow therapeutic windows—where the margin between efficacy and toxicity is small—such as aminoglycosides, vancomycin, cyclosporine, and antiepileptics. Developed as a formal discipline in the 1980s, TDM integrates measured concentrations with pharmacokinetic modeling to calculate patient-specific dose regimens.	Bayesian inference is a statistical paradigm in which probability represents degrees of belief rather than long-run frequencies. It encodes prior knowledge about parameters in a prior distribution, combines that prior with the likelihood of observed data via Bayes' theorem, and produces a posterior distribution that quantifies updated uncertainty. The foundational theorem was published posthumously by Thomas Bayes in 1763 and subsequently systematized by Pierre-Simon Laplace in his 1812 Théorie analytique des probabilités.