手法を比較

	テスト等化	確認的因子分析（CFA）
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1984 (modern statistical treatment)	1969
提唱者	Kolen & Brennan (foundational treatise, 2004/2014); Holland & Dorans (2006)	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
種類	Score transformation / latent-scale calibration	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
原典	Kolen, M.J. & Brennan, R.L. (2014). Test Equating, Scaling, and Linking: Methods and Practices (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1-4939-0316-6	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
別名	Test Eşitleme (Test Equating), score equating, equipercentile equating, IRT true-score equating	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
関連	4	4
概要	Test equating is a family of statistical methods that converts scores earned on one test form onto the score scale of another form, so that scores from different administrations or versions can be compared and reported on a common metric. The foundational modern treatment is Kolen and Brennan (2004/2014); Holland and Dorans (2006) provide the authoritative chapter-length overview within the field of educational measurement.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.