手法を比較

	テルツァギの圧密	交通流（LWRモデル）	Unit Hydrograph
分野	土木工学	土木工学	土木工学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1943	1955	1932
提唱者	Karl Terzaghi	M. J. Lighthill and G. B. Whitham	L. K. Sherman
種類	Diffusion equation for pore pressure dissipation and soil settlement	Macroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation laws	Linear transformation from rainfall to streamflow
原典	Terzaghi, K. (1943). Theoretical Soil Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 0-471-85305-1	Lighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316.	Sherman, L. K. (1932). Streamflow from rainfall by the unit graph method. Engineering News-Record, 108(14), 501-505.
別名	Primary consolidation, Soil settlement, Effective stress	LWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theory	UH, Rainfall-runoff, Hydrograph synthesis
関連	3	3	3
概要	Terzaghi consolidation theory describes how water-saturated clay soils compress over time as excess pore water pressure dissipates and effective stress increases. Formulated by Karl Terzaghi in 1943, this foundational theory enables prediction of settlement rates for foundations on compressible soils, a critical design concern in geotechnical engineering.	The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways.	The unit hydrograph (UH) is a linear transformation that converts rainfall excess into streamflow for a watershed. Introduced by Sherman in 1932, the UH assumes that rainfall-runoff response is linear and time-invariant, enabling synthesis of flood hydrographs from design storms for dam spillway design and flood risk assessment.