手法を比較

	合成対照法（SCM）	回帰不連続デザイン（Regression Discontinuity Design, RDD）
分野	因果推論	因果推論
系統	Regression model	Regression model
提唱年	2010	2008
提唱者	Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller	Imbens & Lemieux (guide to practice); Cattaneo, Idrobo & Titiunik (practical introduction)
種類	Counterfactual causal-inference model	Quasi-experimental causal design
原典	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.	Imbens, G. W., & Lemieux, T. (2008). Regression Discontinuity Designs: A Guide to Practice. Journal of Econometrics, 142(2), 615-635.
別名	synthetic control method, SCM, synthetic counterfactual, Sentetik Kontrol Yöntemi (SCM)	RDD, regression discontinuity design, sharp RDD, fuzzy RDD
関連	5	5
概要	The Synthetic Control Method, introduced by Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller in 2010, builds a weighted counterfactual for a single treated unit from a pool of untreated donor units. It is widely regarded as the gold standard for evaluating large policy interventions, natural experiments, and N=1 case studies where no obvious comparison unit exists.	Regression Discontinuity Design is a quasi-experimental method that identifies a causal effect by locally comparing units just above and just below a cutoff on a continuous assignment (running) variable. Formalised for applied work by Imbens and Lemieux (2008) and developed as a practical framework by Cattaneo, Idrobo, and Titiunik (2020), it estimates a local average treatment effect (LATE) at the threshold.