手法を比較

	スペルマン順位相関係数	点二列相関係数
分野	統計学	統計学
系統	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1904	1954
提唱者	Charles Spearman	Robert F. Tate
種類	Nonparametric rank-based correlation	Parametric correlation coefficient
原典	Spearman, C. (1904). The proof and measurement of association between two things. The American Journal of Psychology, 15, 72–101.	Tate, R. F. (1954). Correlation between a discrete and a continuous variable. Point-biserial correlation. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 25(3), 603–607.
別名	Spearman's rho, Spearman rank-order correlation, Spearman Sıra Korelasyonu	rpb, r_pb, point biserial r, item-total correlation
関連	4	4
概要	The Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a nonparametric measure of the monotonic association between two variables. Introduced by Charles Spearman in 1904, it converts raw observations to ranks and measures how consistently one variable increases as the other increases, without assuming a normal distribution or a linear relationship.	The point-biserial correlation coefficient (r_pb) measures the strength and direction of the linear association between one naturally dichotomous variable (coded 0/1) and one continuous variable. It is a special case of the Pearson product-moment correlation formally derived by Tate (1954) in the Annals of Mathematical Statistics and is the standard index used in psychometric item analysis, validity studies, and any research context where a binary grouping variable is related to a continuous outcome.