手法を比較

	空間的合成コントロール法	傾向スコアマッチング
分野	因果推論	研究統計
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2003–2010s	1983
提唱者	Abadie & Gardeazabal (2003); extended to spatial settings by subsequent applied econometric work	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
種類	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Method
原典	Abadie, A., & Gardeazabal, J. (2003). The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country. American Economic Review, 93(1), 113-132.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
別名	spatial SCM, geographic synthetic control, spatial SC, spatial counterfactual control	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
関連	6	3
概要	The Spatial Synthetic Control Method adapts the classic synthetic control framework to settings where treated and donor units are defined by geographic location. By constructing a weighted combination of spatially proximate or comparable control regions, the method estimates what would have happened to a treated area absent the intervention, while explicitly accounting for geographic spillovers, spatial autocorrelation, and contiguity among units.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.