手法を比較

	空間回帰不連続デザイン（Spatial RDD）	差分の差 (Difference-in-Differences, DiD)
分野	因果推論	計量経済学
系統	Regression model	Regression model
提唱年	2010s	1994
提唱者	Popularized by Dell (2010); formalized for geographic boundaries by Keele & Titiunik (2015)	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
種類	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Causal inference / panel regression
原典	Dell, M. (2010). The Persistent Effects of Peru's Mining Mita. Econometrica, 78(6), 1863-1903.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
別名	Spatial RDD, Geographic RDD, Border RD Design, Geographic Discontinuity Design	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
関連	4	5
概要	Spatial Regression Discontinuity Design uses a geographic or administrative boundary as the threshold that assigns units to treatment. Observations just inside one side of the boundary are compared with those just outside it, exploiting the near-random variation in treatment status near the cutoff to recover a local causal effect. The approach is widely used in economics, political science, and public health when policies or institutions change sharply at a border.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.