手法を比較

	単盲検ランダム化比較試験	Blocked Randomized Controlled Trial
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1948 (formalized); single-blind variant established in mid-20th century clinical trial methodology	1920s (Fisher's blocking principle); applied to RCTs from the 1940s onward
提唱者	Bradford Hill and colleagues (MRC streptomycin trial, 1948); blinding conventions codified in CONSORT guidelines	R. A. Fisher (blocking principle); systematic RCT application by Bradford Hill and later Pocock, Friedman et al.
種類	Experimental design — blinded randomized trial	Experimental design
原典	Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & CONSORT Group. (2010). CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ, 340, c332.	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (4th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1441915856
別名	single-masked RCT, single-blind RCT, single-blind trial, SB-RCT	blocked RCT, block-randomized trial, stratified block randomization trial, permuted block randomization
関連	5	5
概要	A single-blind randomized controlled trial (SB-RCT) is a rigorous experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions while remaining unaware of which condition they have received. Investigators, outcome assessors, and data analysts are not blinded. By masking participants, the design eliminates placebo and nocebo response biases on the participant side, while preserving investigator flexibility to administer and monitor the intervention.	A blocked randomized controlled trial (blocked RCT) uses permuted-block randomization to ensure that treatment groups remain balanced in size — and optionally in key characteristics — throughout recruitment. Within each block of fixed or randomly varied size, all treatment allocations are present in equal numbers, so imbalance cannot accumulate even if the trial is stopped early. This makes blocked RCTs the standard randomization approach in clinical and behavioral intervention research.