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	意味特徴分析	Prototype Theory
分野	言語学	言語学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1956	1973
提唱者	Ward Goodenough	Eleanor Rosch
種類	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline
原典	Goodenough, W. H. (1956). Componential analysis and the study of meaning. Language, 32(2), 195-216.	Rosch, E. (1973). Natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 4(3), 328-350.
別名	Componential Analysis, Feature Semantics	Prototype Semantics, Cognitive Semantics
関連	1	1
概要	Semantic Feature Analysis, or Componential Analysis, is a method for understanding word meaning by decomposing concepts into minimal meaningful units called semantic features or components. Developed by Ward Goodenough in 1956, this approach represents the meaning of words as bundles of features (e.g., 'woman' = [human] [adult] [female]), enabling systematic analysis of semantic relationships, kinship systems, plant classifications, and lexical fields. The method is grounded in structural linguistics and has applications in anthropology, cognitive linguistics, and lexicography.	Prototype Theory is a framework for understanding how humans categorize concepts, proposing that categories are organized around prototypes—the most typical or central members. Developed by Eleanor Rosch in 1973, the theory challenges classical logic's view that categories have fixed boundaries defined by necessary-and-sufficient features. Instead, prototypes have fuzzy boundaries and graded membership: some instances are more central (robin is a prototypical bird) while others are peripheral (penguin is a bird but less typical). Prototype Theory has profound implications for understanding language, cognition, and meaning.