手法を比較

	ロバストマッチング推定量（バイアス補正付きマッチング）	傾向スコアマッチング
分野	因果推論	研究統計
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2006/2011	1983
提唱者	Abadie & Imbens	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
種類	Causal inference / matching	Method
原典	Abadie, A., & Imbens, G. W. (2011). Bias-Corrected Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 29(1), 1-11.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
別名	bias-corrected matching, Abadie-Imbens matching, AI matching estimator, robust nearest-neighbor matching	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
関連	6	3
概要	The robust matching estimator, developed by Abadie and Imbens (2006, 2011), extends nearest-neighbor matching by adding a regression-based bias correction that removes the finite-sample bias arising when matched units are not perfectly alike. It yields consistent, asymptotically normal estimates of average treatment effects with a heteroskedasticity-robust variance formula that is valid regardless of the number of continuous covariates.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.