手法を比較

	リスク調整生存時間解析	Kaplan-Meier Analysis
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1972 (Cox regression); broader covariate-adjusted survival methods developed 1970s–1990s	1958
提唱者	D. R. Cox (regression framework); extensions via Kaplan & Meier, Breslow, and others	Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier
種類	Observational and experimental analytical method	Nonparametric survival estimator
原典	Cox, D. R. (1972). Regression models and life-tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 34(2), 187–220.	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.
別名	covariate-adjusted survival analysis, adjusted time-to-event analysis, risk-stratified survival analysis, adjusted Kaplan-Meier / Cox analysis	KM analysis, KM estimator, product-limit estimator, Kaplan-Meier curve
関連	5	5
概要	Risk-adjusted survival analysis estimates the time to an event of interest — such as death, relapse, or hospital readmission — while simultaneously accounting for baseline differences in patient characteristics (covariates). By incorporating confounders such as age, comorbidities, or disease severity, it produces hazard ratios, survival curves, and median survival estimates that are attributable to the factor of interest rather than to pre-existing risk differences between groups.	Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis is a nonparametric method for estimating the survival function from time-to-event data. Introduced by Kaplan and Meier in 1958, it produces the classic step-function survival curve that shows the probability of surviving beyond each observed event time, correctly accounting for censored observations — participants who left the study or had not yet experienced the event by the end of follow-up. It is one of the most widely used techniques in clinical and epidemiological research.