手法を比較

	リスク調整済みカプランマイヤー解析	傾向スコアマッチング
分野	疫学	研究統計
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2001–2004 (formal statistical framework for weighted KM curves)	1983
提唱者	Conceptual basis: Kaplan & Meier (1958); risk-adjustment via IPTW formalised by Hernán, Brumback & Robins (2001), with practical implementation by Cole & Hernán (2004)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
種類	Adjusted non-parametric survival method	Method
原典	Cole, S. R., & Hernan, M. A. (2004). Adjusted survival curves with inverse probability weights. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 75(1), 45–49.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
別名	weighted Kaplan-Meier, IPTW-adjusted Kaplan-Meier, propensity-score-weighted survival curves, adjusted survival curves	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
関連	5	3
概要	Risk-adjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis combines the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier estimator with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) or similar risk-adjustment procedures to produce survival curves that are comparable across groups as if the groups had identical distributions of baseline confounders. It is the observational-study analogue of plotting survival curves from a randomised trial.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.