手法を比較

	リスク調整済み診断精度研究	診断精度の研究デザイン
分野	疫学	臨床研究
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Conceptual roots 1980s–1990s; covariate-adjusted ROC formally introduced 2009	2003-2015
提唱者	Margaret Pepe and colleagues; covariate-adjusted ROC formalized by Janes & Pepe (2009)	Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers
種類	Observational clinical study design with covariate adjustment	Research Design
原典	Pepe, M. S. (2003). The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0198509844	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44.
別名	case-mix-adjusted diagnostic accuracy, stratified diagnostic accuracy study, covariate-adjusted diagnostic accuracy, risk-stratified DTA study	diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation
関連	6	2
概要	A risk-adjusted diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well an index test identifies a target condition while explicitly accounting for patient-level risk factors that influence either disease prevalence or test performance. By adjusting for case-mix, it yields accuracy estimates — sensitivity, specificity, and AUC — that are not confounded by the composition of the study sample, enabling fairer comparisons across populations and clinical settings.	A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment.