手法を比較

	Response to Intervention	Single-Case Design in Education
分野	Education	Education
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2006	2013
提唱者	Special education / school psychology field (Deno; Fuchs & Fuchs; Vaughn)	Applied behavior analysis and special education (Baer, Wolf & Risley; Horner; Kratochwill)
種類	Tiered framework for screening, intervention, and learning-disability identification	Experimental design establishing intervention effects within individual cases via repeated measurement
原典	Fuchs, D., & Fuchs, L. S. (2006). Introduction to response to intervention: What, why, and how valid is it? Reading Research Quarterly, 41(1), 93–99.	Kratochwill, T. R., Hitchcock, J. H., Horner, R. H., Levin, J. R., Odom, S. L., Rindskopf, D. M., & Shadish, W. R. (2013). Single-case intervention research design standards. Remedial and Special Education, 34(1), 26–38.
別名	RTI, RtI, Multi-Tiered System of Supports, MTSS	Single-Subject Design, Single-Case Experimental Design, SCED, N-of-1 Educational Design
関連	4	4
概要	Response to intervention (RTI) is a multi-tiered framework for preventing academic failure and identifying students with learning disabilities by their responsiveness to high-quality instruction. All students are screened and taught with evidence-based core instruction; those who fall behind receive progressively more intensive intervention while their progress is closely monitored. Students who fail to respond even to intensive, well-implemented intervention are flagged as needing further evaluation. RTI reframes disability identification from a static test discrepancy to a dynamic question of who does not respond to good teaching.	Single-case experimental designs establish whether an intervention causes a change in behavior or learning by intensively studying individual cases over time rather than comparing groups. Each case serves as its own control: an outcome is measured repeatedly during a baseline phase and again under intervention, and the effect is demonstrated by replicating the change across phases or across cases. Central to special education and applied behavior analysis, and recognized by the What Works Clearinghouse and Horner and colleagues' standards, single-case design offers rigorous causal evidence when group experiments are impractical.