手法を比較

	研究不正行為	研究誠実性の原則
分野	研究倫理	研究倫理
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2005	2007
提唱者	U.S. Office of Research Integrity (ORI) / National Science Foundation; International standards via COPE	Multiple (National Academies, NIH/ORI, ESOMAR, individual discipline standards)
種類	Standard	Framework
原典	U.S. Office of Research Integrity. (2005). Public Health Service Policy on Research Misconduct. 42 CFR Part 93. Federal Register.	National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Fostering Integrity in Research. The National Academies Press.
別名	FFP, Research Fraud, Scientific Misconduct	Responsible Conduct of Research, RCR, Research Ethics Standards
関連	3	4
概要	Research misconduct comprises intentional or reckless fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, conducting, or reporting research. Formally defined by U.S. federal policy (42 CFR Part 93, Office of Research Integrity), misconduct is distinguished from honest error, negligence, and good-faith disagreements about research methods or interpretation. Misconduct undermines scientific integrity, harms subjects and institutions, wastes research resources, and erodes public trust in science. Allegations are investigated formally with due process; proven misconduct results in sanctions ranging from publication correction to career-ending bans.	Research integrity encompasses the ethical and professional standards that guide responsible conduct in all aspects of research—from study design and data collection through analysis, reporting, and publication. The core principles—honesty, transparency, accountability, respect, and stewardship—ensure that research is trustworthy, reproducible, and contributes legitimate knowledge. These principles are universal across disciplines and are enforced through institutional policies, professional standards, and regulatory oversight. Violations of research integrity undermine scientific credibility and can harm subjects, institutions, and public trust.