手法を比較

	前向き診断精度研究	スクリーニング検査評価
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Formalized 2000s; practice dates to mid-20th century	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s
提唱者	Established through STARD initiative (Bossuyt, Reitsma et al., 2000s)	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation
種類	Observational / evaluative study design	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design
原典	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L., ... & Cohen, J. F. (2015). STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.
別名	prospective DTA study, prospective test accuracy study, forward-looking diagnostic study, prospective index test evaluation	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE
関連	6	6
概要	A prospective diagnostic accuracy study enrolls participants before any test results are known and follows them forward in time to evaluate how well an index test (the test under evaluation) distinguishes individuals with and without a target condition, using a reference standard applied independently. Key accuracy metrics include sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the ROC curve. The prospective design reduces many biases inherent in retrospective test evaluations.	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.