手法を比較

	前向き診断精度研究	横断疫学研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Formalized 2000s; practice dates to mid-20th century	1960s (formal codification); widely practiced since mid-20th century
提唱者	Established through STARD initiative (Bossuyt, Reitsma et al., 2000s)	Classical epidemiology tradition; systematized by Brian MacMahon and Thomas Pugh (1960s)
種類	Observational / evaluative study design	Observational, descriptive/analytic epidemiological design
原典	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L., ... & Cohen, J. F. (2015). STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195080407
別名	prospective DTA study, prospective test accuracy study, forward-looking diagnostic study, prospective index test evaluation	prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, transversal study, cross-sectional design
関連	6	6
概要	A prospective diagnostic accuracy study enrolls participants before any test results are known and follows them forward in time to evaluate how well an index test (the test under evaluation) distinguishes individuals with and without a target condition, using a reference standard applied independently. Key accuracy metrics include sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the ROC curve. The prospective design reduces many biases inherent in retrospective test evaluations.	A cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the exposure(s) and outcome(s) of interest simultaneously in a defined population at a single point in time (or over a short period). Because there is no follow-up, it is the most efficient observational design for estimating disease prevalence and for generating hypotheses about associations between risk factors and health outcomes.