手法を比較

	前向き診断精度研究	コホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Formalized 2000s; practice dates to mid-20th century	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
提唱者	Established through STARD initiative (Bossuyt, Reitsma et al., 2000s)	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
種類	Observational / evaluative study design	Observational longitudinal study design
原典	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L., ... & Cohen, J. F. (2015). STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	prospective DTA study, prospective test accuracy study, forward-looking diagnostic study, prospective index test evaluation	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
関連	6	6
概要	A prospective diagnostic accuracy study enrolls participants before any test results are known and follows them forward in time to evaluate how well an index test (the test under evaluation) distinguishes individuals with and without a target condition, using a reference standard applied independently. Key accuracy metrics include sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the ROC curve. The prospective design reduces many biases inherent in retrospective test evaluations.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.