手法を比較

	比例多段抽出法	クラスター抽出法
分野	調査方法論	調査方法論
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1950s–1960s	Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977
提唱者	Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran (theoretical foundations)	Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice
種類	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
原典	Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. (Chapters 6–7 on multistage and PPS designs.) ISBN: 978-0471489009	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
別名	proportional PPS multistage sampling, multistage probability proportional to size sampling, proportionate multistage cluster sampling, PPS multistage sampling	cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling
関連	6	5
概要	Proportional multistage sampling is a probability sampling design that selects units across two or more hierarchical stages — for example, regions, then districts, then households — where the number of units drawn at each stage is proportional to the size of each higher-level unit. By weighting selection probabilities to match cluster size, it produces self-weighting samples that closely mirror the population structure and simplify variance estimation.	Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters.