手法を比較

	プロビット回帰モデル	因果推論のための操作変数（IV）法
分野	計量経済学	医療経済学
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2018	1990s (modern applications)
提唱者	Greene (textbook treatment); classical discrete-choice modelling	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory
種類	Binary discrete-choice model	Method
原典	Greene, W. H. (2018). Econometric Analysis (8th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0134461366	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
別名	probit regression, normit model, Probit Modeli	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation
関連	5	3
概要	The probit model is a regression method for a binary (0/1) outcome that maps a linear index of the predictors through the standard normal cumulative distribution function to produce a probability. It is a classical discrete-choice alternative to logistic regression, developed in standard econometrics treatments such as Greene's Econometric Analysis (2018).	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.