手法を比較

	実践的臨床試験	ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)
分野	臨床研究	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
提唱年	2009-2015	1948
提唱者	Thorpe et al. (2009); PRECIS framework developed by international consortia	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
種類	Research Design	Interventional comparative study
原典	Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Tugwell, P. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. CMAJ, 180(10), E47–E57.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
別名	pragmatic trial, real-world trial, effectiveness trial, PRECIS-2	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
関連	4	7
概要	A pragmatic trial is designed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of an intervention in typical clinical settings with diverse, representative patients, minimal exclusion criteria, and clinically relevant outcomes. Developed by Thorpe and colleagues (2009) and formalized via the PRECIS-2 framework (2015), pragmatic trials bridge the gap between explanatory efficacy trials (conducted in controlled research settings) and implementation science, answering the question 'Does this work in actual clinical practice?' rather than 'Can this work under ideal conditions?'	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).