手法を比較

	オンライン線形回帰	確率的勾配降下法 (SGD)
分野	機械学習	機械学習
系統	Machine learning	Machine learning
提唱年	1960 (LMS); 1950 (RLS formalization)	1951
提唱者	Widrow, B. & Hoff, M. E. (LMS); Gauss / Plackett (RLS)	Robbins, H. & Monro, S.
種類	Incremental supervised regression	First-order iterative optimization algorithm
原典	Shalev-Shwartz, S. (2012). Online Learning and Online Convex Optimization. Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, 4(2), 107–194.	Robbins, H. & Monro, S. (1951). A Stochastic Approximation Method. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 22(3), 400–407.
別名	incremental linear regression, streaming linear regression, recursive least squares regression, stochastic gradient descent regression	SGD, online gradient descent, incremental gradient descent, mini-batch gradient descent
関連	6	3
概要	Online Linear Regression fits a linear model one observation at a time, updating weights incrementally as each new data point arrives. Unlike batch least-squares, it never needs to store or re-process the full dataset, making it the natural choice for streaming data, very large datasets, and environments where the data-generating process can shift over time.	Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm, rooted in the stochastic approximation framework introduced by Robbins and Monro in 1951, that minimizes an objective function by updating model parameters using the gradient computed on a single randomly selected training example (or a small mini-batch) at each step. It is the core optimization engine behind modern machine learning and deep learning, enabling the training of models on datasets too large to fit in memory.