手法を比較

	非線形ハウスマン仕様検定	因果推論のための操作変数（IV）法
分野	計量経済学	医療経済学
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1978 (nonlinear extension developed through 1980s–1990s)	1990s (modern applications)
提唱者	Jerry A. Hausman	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory
種類	Specification / endogeneity test	Method
原典	Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica, 46(6), 1251–1271.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
別名	Hausman specification test (nonlinear), nonlinear endogeneity test, Wu-Hausman test (nonlinear), NL-Hausman test	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation
関連	3	3
概要	The Nonlinear Hausman test extends Hausman's (1978) endogeneity specification test to nonlinear models such as probit, logit, Tobit, and count-data regressions. It tests whether suspected regressors are endogenous — i.e., correlated with the error term — in a model where the outcome or the relationship is inherently nonlinear, ensuring that IV-corrected estimates are necessary.	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.