手法を比較

	Muskingum法	交通流（LWRモデル）	Unit Hydrograph
分野	土木工学	土木工学	土木工学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1938	1955	1932
提唱者	George McCarthy	M. J. Lighthill and G. B. Whitham	L. K. Sherman
種類	Hydrologic method for flood attenuation in rivers	Macroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation laws	Linear transformation from rainfall to streamflow
原典	McCarthy, G. T. (1938). The Unit Hydrograph and Flood Routing. US Army Corps of Engineers Document 608.	Lighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316.	Sherman, L. K. (1932). Streamflow from rainfall by the unit graph method. Engineering News-Record, 108(14), 501-505.
別名	Flood routing, Stream flow attenuation, Hydrologic routing	LWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theory	UH, Rainfall-runoff, Hydrograph synthesis
関連	3	3	3
概要	The Muskingum method is a hydrologic flood routing technique that predicts how a flood wave attenuates (reduces in peak) and spreads as it travels down a river reach. Developed by McCarthy in 1938 for the US Army Corps of Engineers, the method is simple enough for hand calculations while capturing the essential physics of flood propagation.	The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways.	The unit hydrograph (UH) is a linear transformation that converts rainfall excess into streamflow for a watershed. Introduced by Sherman in 1932, the UH assumes that rainfall-runoff response is linear and time-invariant, enabling synthesis of flood hydrographs from design storms for dam spillway design and flood risk assessment.