手法を比較

	多変量コホート研究	因果比較研究
分野	研究デザイン	研究デザイン
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1950s–1970s (cohort methods); multivariate extensions prominent from 1970s onward	1964
提唱者	Epidemiology and biostatistics tradition; advanced by Rothman, Breslow, and colleagues	Fred N. Kerlinger
種類	Observational quantitative research design	Non-experimental quantitative research design
原典	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Kerlinger, F. N. (1964). Foundations of Behavioral Research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
別名	multivariate cohort study, cohort study with multivariate analysis, multivariable cohort design, multivariate longitudinal cohort	ex post facto research, causal-comparative design, retrospective causal study, CCR
関連	5	3
概要	Multivariate cohort research follows a defined group of individuals forward in time, collecting data on multiple exposures, outcomes, and covariates simultaneously. By applying multivariate statistical models — such as Cox regression, mixed-effects models, or structural equation models — researchers can disentangle the independent contributions of several predictors to one or more outcomes while controlling for confounders. The design is widely used in epidemiology, public health, psychology, and social sciences.	Causal-comparative research is a non-experimental quantitative design in which the researcher compares two or more groups that already differ on an independent variable — one that was not manipulated — to investigate possible causes or consequences of that difference. Because group membership is pre-existing rather than randomly assigned, the design can suggest causal relationships but cannot establish them with the certainty of a true experiment. It is widely used in education, psychology, and social sciences when experimental manipulation is impractical or unethical.