手法を比較

	多層確認的因子分析 (MCFA)	構造方程式モデリング（SEM）
分野	心理測定学	統計学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1994	1970
提唱者	Bengt O. Muthen	Karl Jöreskog (LISREL framework, 1970s)
種類	Latent variable model / measurement model	Latent variable / causal modeling
原典	Muthen, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398.	Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1473756540
別名	MCFA, multilevel measurement model, two-level CFA, hierarchical CFA	Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (SEM), structural equation modelling, covariance structure analysis, latent variable modeling
関連	6	5
概要	Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis tests a pre-specified factor structure while simultaneously accounting for the non-independence of observations caused by clustered data. It decomposes item variance into within-group and between-group components, fitting a separate measurement model at each level, making it the standard tool for validating psychometric scales administered within natural groups such as classrooms, clinics, or organisations.	Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical framework that simultaneously estimates a measurement model — relating observed indicators to latent constructs — and a structural model specifying directional or reciprocal relationships among those constructs. Rooted in the LISREL tradition developed by Karl Jöreskog in the 1970s, SEM is the standard tool for testing complex theoretical models in the social, behavioural, and management sciences.