手法を比較

	多施設スクリーニング検査評価	多施設共同コホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1976–2003 (core diagnostic accuracy framework; multicenter STARD standards formalized 2003)	Mid-to-late 20th century (widespread adoption 1970s–1990s)
提唱者	Methodological consensus (STARD group, Bossuyt et al.); broader diagnostic accuracy tradition rooted in Hanley & McNeil (1982) and Sackett & Haynes (1976)	Developed incrementally through large collaborative epidemiological projects (e.g., Framingham Heart Study consortium expansions, 1948 onward; EPIC study, 1992)
種類	Observational diagnostic accuracy study	Observational longitudinal study
原典	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., Lijmer, J. G., Moher, D., Rennie, D., & de Vet, H. C. W. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: The STARD Initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40-44.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	multicenter diagnostic accuracy study, multisite screening evaluation, multicenter test performance study, multicenter DTA study	multisite cohort study, multi-centre cohort, collaborative cohort study, pooled cohort study
関連	6	6
概要	A multicenter screening test evaluation measures the diagnostic accuracy of a screening test — its sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and ROC-curve area — by enrolling participants across two or more independent clinical sites. Conducting the study at multiple centers broadens the patient spectrum, tests generalizability across different laboratory conditions and patient populations, and produces more externally valid accuracy estimates than a single-center study.	A multicenter cohort study follows defined groups of participants at two or more geographically or institutionally distinct sites over time to estimate incidence, identify risk factors, and quantify associations between exposures and outcomes. By pooling data from multiple centers, it achieves statistical power and population diversity that single-site designs cannot match, making it the workhorse of large-scale epidemiological and clinical research.