手法を比較

	多群準則モデル (Multi-group Rasch Model)	ラッシュモデル
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1960 (Rasch); 1980s–1990s (multi-group extensions)	1960
提唱者	Georg Rasch (single-group); extended to multi-group applications by Fischer, Molenaar, and others	Georg Rasch
種類	Item response model / measurement invariance test	Item Response Theory / Latent trait model
原典	Fischer, G. H. & Molenaar, I. W. (Eds.) (1995). Rasch Models: Foundations, Recent Developments, and Applications. Springer. ISBN: 978-0387944296	Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen.
別名	MG-Rasch, Rasch measurement invariance, multi-group 1PL IRT, cross-group Rasch analysis	1PL IRT, one-parameter logistic model, Rasch Modeli — 1PL IRT, 1PL model
関連	6	6
概要	The multi-group Rasch model fits the one-parameter logistic item response model simultaneously across two or more distinct groups, testing whether item difficulty parameters are invariant across groups. It is the primary psychometric tool for establishing that a scale measures the same latent trait with the same metric in each group, a prerequisite for meaningful score comparisons.	The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and persons.