手法を比較

	多群探索的因子分析（MGEFA）	項目応答理論 (IRT)
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1981	1952–1968
提唱者	Muthén & Christoffersson	Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models)
種類	Latent variable / multi-group dimension reduction	Probabilistic measurement model
原典	Muthén, B. & Christoffersson, A. (1981). Simultaneous factor analysis of dichotomous variables in several groups. Psychometrika, 46(4), 407–419.	Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley.
別名	MGEFA, multi-sample exploratory factor analysis, simultaneous EFA across groups, exploratory factor analysis with multiple groups	IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory
関連	6	5
概要	Multi-group exploratory factor analysis estimates the latent factor structure of a set of items separately within each of two or more groups and then examines whether the discovered structures are consistent across groups. It is used to explore dimensionality before imposing invariance constraints, and to diagnose group-specific factor patterns that would invalidate cross-group comparisons.	Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons.