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	混合モデル (Mixture Modeling)	クラスター分析
分野	統計学	統計学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1894	1939–1967
提唱者	Karl Pearson	Robert C. Tryon (early development); Ward (1963) for hierarchical; MacQueen (1967) for k-means
種類	Latent variable / density estimation	Unsupervised classification / grouping
原典	McLachlan, G. J. & Peel, D. (2000). Finite Mixture Models. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN: 978-0471006268	Everitt, B. S., Landau, S., Leese, M. & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster Analysis (5th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0470749913
別名	finite mixture model, mixture distribution model, FMM, model-based clustering	clustering, unsupervised classification, data clustering, numerical taxonomy
関連	6	5
概要	Mixture modeling assumes that a population is composed of K unobserved subpopulations, each described by its own probability distribution. The observed data are treated as draws from a weighted combination of these component distributions. It provides a principled, model-based alternative to ad hoc clustering and supports formal comparison of solutions with different numbers of components.	Cluster analysis is a family of unsupervised multivariate techniques that partition a set of objects or observations into internally homogeneous, mutually distinct groups — clusters — based on measured characteristics, without any prior knowledge of group membership. It is widely used in market segmentation, bioinformatics, psychology, and social science to reveal natural groupings in data.