手法を比較

	資材所要量計画	SMED
分野	オペレーションズ・マネジメント	オペレーションズ・マネジメント
系統	Machine learning	Machine learning
提唱年	1975	1985
提唱者	Joseph Orlicky	Shigeo Shingo
種類	Material planning algorithm	Setup time reduction technique
原典	Orlicky, J. (1975). Material requirements planning: The new way of life in production and inventory management. New York: McGraw-Hill.	Shingo, S. (1985). A revolution in manufacturing: The SMED system. Cambridge, MA: Productivity Press.
別名	MRP, MRP I	quick changeover, rapid setup
関連	5	5
概要	Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a computerized system developed by Joseph Orlicky in the 1970s that calculates material requirements based on master production schedules and bill-of-materials data. MRP determines what materials to buy, how much to order, and when to order them to meet production demand while minimizing inventory carrying costs. It became a foundational technology for manufacturing planning and later evolved into manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.	Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) is a systematic approach developed by Shigeo Shingo in the 1980s to drastically reduce the time required to changeover equipment from producing one product to another. The methodology, part of the Toyota Production System, aims to reduce setup time to a single-digit minute range (ideally under nine minutes), enabling smaller batch sizes, faster response to customer demand, and improved flexibility in manufacturing. SMED is a cornerstone of lean manufacturing and just-in-time production.