手法を比較

	マッチド生存分析	カプラン・マイヤー推定量
分野	疫学	統計学
系統	Process / pipeline	Survival analysis
提唱年	1983 (propensity-score matching); applied to survival outcomes throughout 1990s–2000s	1958
提唱者	Building on Kaplan & Meier (1958) and Cox (1972); matching framework formalised in observational study design literature (Rosenbaum & Rubin, 1983)	Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier
種類	Observational study analytic method	Nonparametric estimator
原典	Austin, P. C. (2014). Graphical assessments of the balance of propensity score matched samples: A SAS macro. Journal of Statistical Software, 58(7), 1-29. Also see Austin, P. C. (2017). A tutorial on multilevel survival analysis: Methods, models and applications. International Statistical Review, 85(2), 185-203.	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.
別名	matched time-to-event analysis, propensity-matched survival analysis, matched Kaplan-Meier analysis, paired survival analysis	KM estimator, product-limit estimator, Kaplan-Meier curve, survival curve estimator
関連	4	2
概要	Matched survival analysis combines a matching design — typically propensity score matching or exact matching on key covariates — with time-to-event methods such as Kaplan-Meier estimation and the Cox proportional hazards model. By pairing treated and control subjects who are similar on observed confounders before estimating survival curves or hazard ratios, the approach reduces confounding bias in non-randomised studies and produces more credible comparisons of event-free survival between exposure groups.	The Kaplan-Meier estimator is a nonparametric method for estimating the survival function S(t) — the probability that an individual survives beyond time t — from data that include censored observations. Introduced by Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier in their landmark 1958 JASA paper, it is the standard first step in any survival analysis and is among the most-cited statistical methods in biomedical research.