手法を比較

	マッチド症例対照研究における曝露勾配評価	Matched Case-Control Study
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1970s–1980s	1950s–1970s
提唱者	Developed within the matched case-control framework; formalized by Breslow and Day (1980) and Rothman and colleagues	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)
種類	Analytical epidemiological method	Observational analytic design
原典	Rothman, K.J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T.L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474
別名	matched trend analysis, dose-response in matched designs, exposure-response analysis with matching, matched exposure-gradient analysis	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design
関連	4	5
概要	Matched dose-response analysis evaluates whether increasing levels of exposure are associated with proportionally increasing (or decreasing) risk of an outcome, within a study where cases and controls — or exposed and unexposed individuals — have been deliberately matched on key confounders such as age, sex, or study site. Matching controls residual confounding structurally, while the dose-response component tests whether the exposure-outcome relationship follows a biologically plausible gradient, strengthening causal inference.	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.