手法を比較

	機械学習拡張エントロピー均衡法	傾向スコアマッチング
分野	因果推論	研究統計
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2012-2017	1983
提唱者	Hainmueller (2012) for entropy balancing; ML augmentation developed by Zhao & Percival (2017) and subsequent literature	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
種類	Weighting-based causal estimator	Method
原典	Hainmueller, J. (2012). Entropy balancing for causal effects: A multivariate reweighting method to produce balanced samples in observational studies. Political Analysis, 20(1), 25-46.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
別名	ML-EB, augmented entropy balancing, ML-augmented EB, doubly-robust entropy balancing	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
関連	4	3
概要	Machine learning-augmented entropy balancing (ML-EB) combines Hainmueller's entropy balancing reweighting scheme with a machine-learning outcome model to produce a doubly-robust causal estimator. By jointly optimising covariate balance weights and a flexible predicted-outcome adjustment, ML-EB delivers consistent treatment-effect estimates even when either the weighting or the outcome model is misspecified, and it handles high-dimensional covariate spaces that classical entropy balancing cannot easily balance.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.