手法を比較

	縦断的項目分析	項目応答理論 (IRT)
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1990s–2000s	1952–1968
提唱者	Vandenberg, Lance, Meade and colleagues in organizational/educational measurement	Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models)
種類	Item-level longitudinal diagnostic	Probabilistic measurement model
原典	Meade, A. W., Johnson, E. C. & Braddy, P. W. (2008). Power and sensitivity of alternative fit indices in tests of measurement invariance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 568–592.	Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley.
別名	LIA, repeated-measures item analysis, longitudinal item calibration, item parameter stability analysis	IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory
関連	6	5
概要	Longitudinal item analysis examines how the statistical properties of individual scale items — difficulty, discrimination, factor loadings, and fit — remain stable or change systematically across repeated measurement occasions. It is the item-level foundation of longitudinal measurement validity.	Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons.