手法を比較

	Levene検定およびBrown-Forsythe検定（分散の等質性）	マン・ホイットニーのU検定
分野	統計学	統計学
系統	Regression model	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1960	1947
提唱者	Howard Levene; Morton B. Brown and Alan B. Forsythe	H. B. Mann & D. R. Whitney
種類	Homogeneity of variance test (robust)	Nonparametric two-group comparison
原典	Levene, H. (1960). Robust Tests for Equality of Variances. In Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling. Stanford University Press.	Mann, H. B. & Whitney, D. R. (1947). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18(1), 50–60.
別名	Levene test, Brown-Forsythe test, homogeneity of variance test, Levene ve Brown-Forsythe Varyans Testi	Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Mann-Whitney U Testi
関連	5	4
概要	The Levene and Brown-Forsythe test checks whether two or more groups share the same variance (homogeneity of variance). Levene (1960) built the test on absolute deviations from each group mean, and Brown and Forsythe (1974) made it robust to non-normal data by centring on the group median instead.	The Mann-Whitney U test is the nonparametric alternative to the independent samples t-test, comparing two independent groups by ranking all observations together rather than relying on their means. It was introduced by H. B. Mann and D. R. Whitney in 1947 and does not require the data to be normally distributed.