手法を比較

	潜在クラス分析 (LCA)	確認的因子分析（CFA）
分野	統計学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1950s–1968	1969
提唱者	Paul F. Lazarsfeld	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
種類	Latent variable / person-centered classification	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
原典	Goodman, L. A. (1974). Exploratory latent structure analysis using both identifiable and unidentifiable models. Biometrika, 61(2), 215–231.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
別名	LCA, latent class model, latent categorical analysis, finite mixture of multinomials	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
関連	6	4
概要	Latent class analysis identifies unobserved subgroups — latent classes — within a population by finding patterns of responses across a set of categorical observed indicators. It is the categorical-variable counterpart of cluster analysis, but grounded in an explicit probabilistic model, and is widely used in social, health, and behavioral sciences to discover typologies in survey or diagnostic data.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.