手法を比較

	Kaplan-Meier Analysis	ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1958	1948 (first rigorously conducted RCT — MRC streptomycin trial)
提唱者	Edward L. Kaplan and Paul Meier	Austin Bradford Hill; MRC Streptomycin Trial team
種類	Nonparametric survival estimator	Interventional experimental study
原典	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
別名	KM analysis, KM estimator, product-limit estimator, Kaplan-Meier curve	RCT, randomized controlled trial, randomised controlled trial, clinical randomized trial
関連	5	6
概要	Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis is a nonparametric method for estimating the survival function from time-to-event data. Introduced by Kaplan and Meier in 1958, it produces the classic step-function survival curve that shows the probability of surviving beyond each observed event time, correctly accounting for censored observations — participants who left the study or had not yet experienced the event by the end of follow-up. It is one of the most widely used techniques in clinical and epidemiological research.	A randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study design in which participants are randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group, then followed prospectively to compare outcomes. Random allocation is the defining feature: it distributes known and unknown confounders across groups by chance, making the RCT the strongest individual study design for establishing causal efficacy of a treatment or intervention under controlled conditions.